Nanotech-Based Biodegradable Drug Encapsulation for Sustainable Pharmacy

Abstract

Translating nanotechnology-driven, biodegradable drug encapsulation to the sustainable pharmacy will have a transformative impact on enhancing drug stability, guaranteeing targeted delivery, and eliminating pharmaceutical pollution. This paper presents a new nanocapsule system made of environmentally friendly biopolymers, such as natural chitosan, polylactic acid (PLA), and silk fibroin, capable of releasing drugs under controlled conditions and naturally degrading them into nontoxicbyproducts. Stimuli-responsive mechanisms are integrated in the encapsulation process, resulting in better drug efficacy at lower environmental contamination arising from pharmaceutical residuals. In particular, legal aspects of biodegradable drug delivery are studied and analyzed within the regulatory framework, relating to global health and environmental standards imposed by the FDA, EMA, and WHO guidelines. The study also looks into the intellectual property issues in nanopharmaceutical patents and the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in pharmaceutical waste management. The performance of the nanocapsules under different conditions of drug stability, release kinetics, and biodegradation efficiency is evaluated in experiments. It turns out that with biodegradable nanocapsules, the therapeutic efficiency is very high, but the pharmaceutical waste is much lower. Nevertheless, challenges to large-scale production, acceptance of the regulation, and long-term safety assessments remain. This research advances the area of the intersection of nanotechnology, sustainability, and pharmaceutical law by developing a legal, and low environmental impact approach to modern drug delivery systems. Future work will be given in terms of AI-enabled monitoring and blockchain tracking for pharmaceutical sustainability.